Cayman Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also known as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), is a phorbol ester and PKC activator.^1,2,3,4,5 It activates the PKC isoforms PKCα, -β, -γ, -δ, -ε, -η, and -θ but not PKCζ or -ι/λ.² PMA (1-10 ng/mL) induces NF-κB-dependent gene expression in a reporter assay.³ It promotes the differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages, as well as induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in vitro.^4,5 PMA, in combination with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA; Item No. 30383), promotes papilloma formation in a rat two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis.⁶

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.