Cayman Ciclopirox

Ciclopirox is an iron chelator, antifungal, and anticancer agent.^1,2,3,4 It inhibits the iron-dependent enzyme hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HIF-PH2; IC₅₀ = 1.58 μM), an effect that is reduced in the presence of iron.¹ It stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-1α) under normoxic conditions in rat glomus cells when used at a concentration of 5 μM.⁵ Ciclopirox is active against clinical isolates of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and C. albicans (MICs = 0.03-0.5, 0.03-0.5, and 0.06-0.5 μg/mL, respectively) and inhibits growth of T. mentagrophytes on porcine skin ex vivo when applied topically.^2,3 It inhibits proliferation of Rh30, HT-29, and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and halts the cell cycle at the g₁/g₀ phase and induces apoptosis in Rh30 cells.⁴ Ciclopirox (25 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model. Formulations containing ciclopirox have been used in the topical treatment of fungal infections.

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