Cayman M-CSF-γ (human, recombinant)

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a glycoprotein encoded by the CSF1 gene in humans that promotes the differentiation, proliferation, and function of mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages, osteoclasts, and dendritic cells.^1,2 Alternative splicing of CSF1 pre-mRNA produces one full-length long isoform (M-CSF-β), an intermediate-length isoform (M-CSF-γ), and a short-length isoform (M-CSF-α) that share sequence homology in the 150-amino acid receptor binding region that is required for the biological activity of M-CSF.^3,4 M-CSF exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer where each monomer contains four α-helices, an antiparallel β-sheet, and numerous glycosylation sites.¹ M-CSF is constitutively produced by many cell types, including stromal cells, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, and macrophages, and is localized to the cell surface where it can be proteolytically cleaved to yield a secreted form.^5,6 Binding of M-CSF to the M-CSF receptor, which is expressed by monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, and dendritic cells, promotes cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival of mononuclear phagocytes and regulates bone resorption by osteoclasts.^5,7 Mice homozygous for Csf1^op, an inactivating mutation, exhibit defects in fertility and neural development and develop osteopetrosis, a condition characterized by increased bone density.⁸ Neutralization of M-CSF with a monoclonal antibody decreases joint swelling and distortion in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis.⁹ Serum M-CSF levels are increased in patients with colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, or head and neck cancer.⁵ M-CSF has been used to generate bone marrow-derived macrophages with an anti-inflammatory phenotype in vitro.² Caymans M-CSF-γ (human, recombinant) protein can be used for cell-based assay applications. This protein consist of 158 amino acids, has a calculated molecular weight of 18.4 kDa, and a predicted N-terminus of Glu37 after signal peptide cleavage. By SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions, the molecular mass of the protein is approximately 23 kDa due to apparent post-translational modifications.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.