Cayman β-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid

β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is an active metabolite of L-leucine.¹ It is produced from leucine via an α-ketoisocaproic acid intermediate by α-ketoisocaproate oxidase in human liver homogenates. β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (50 µM) reduces increases in 20S proteasome activity and NF-κB nuclear accumulation induced by proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) in C2C12 myotubes.² It inhibits protein degradation and stimulates protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle of cachectic mice bearing MAC16 tumors when administered at doses of 0.25 and 2.5 g/kg.³ Urinary levels of β-hydroxyisovaleric acid are increased in patients with type II diabetes.⁴ Formulations containing β-hydroxyisovaleric acid have been used as dietary supplements.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.