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Key Specifications Table
| Species Reactivity | Key Applications | Host | Format | Antibody Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H, R, B, M | IHC, WB | M | Culture Supernatant | Monoclonal Antibody |
| Description | |
|---|---|
| Catalogue Number | 05-804 |
| Brand Family | Upstate |
| Trade Name |
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| Description | Anti-Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4) Antibody, clone 1E1/A6 |
| Background Information | Microtubule Associated Proteins, or MAPS, bind to the tubulin subunits of microtubule structures and regulate their functional stability. In the cell MAPs bind to monomer and multimerized tubulin. MAP binding to multimerized tubulin further stabilizes the formation of higher order microtubulin structures. MAP binding to microtubule structures is mediated through phosporylation through Microtubule Affinity Regulated Kinase (MARK). Phosphorylation releases MAPs bound to microtubules, destabilizing the structure, driving it toward disassembly. There are predominately two MAP types, I, II. Type II MAP includes MAP2, MAP4, and tau and are found in nervous tissue. Six tau isoforms exist in brain tissue, and they are distinguished by their number of binding domains. Three isoforms have three binding domains and the other three have four binding domains. The binding domains are located in the carboxy-terminus of the protein and are positively-charged (allowing it to bind to the negatively-charged microtubule). The isoforms with four binding domains are better at stabilizing microtubules than those with three binding domains. |
| Product Information | |
|---|---|
| Format | Culture Supernatant |
| Control |
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| Presentation | Mouse monoclonal cultured supernatant containing 0.05% sodium azide. Frozen at -20°C. |
| Quality Level | MQ100 |
| Applications | |
|---|---|
| Application | This Anti-Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4) Antibody, clone 1E1/A6 is validated for use in IH, WB for the detection of Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4). |
| Key Applications |
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| Application Notes | Immunohistochemistry: This antibody has been reported by an independent laboratory to detect Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4) in autoclaved paraffin brain sections. (De Silva, R., 2003;Togo, T., 2002) Differential Detection of Tauopathies: (Togo, T., 2002) |
| Biological Information | |
|---|---|
| Immunogen | Bovine thyroglobulin-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 275-291 (VQIINKKLDLSNVQSKC) of human Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4). Region is flanking junction coded by adjacent exons 9 & 11 with the inclusion of exon 10. The immunizing sequence is identical in human, rat, mouse and bovine. |
| Clone | 1E1/A6 |
| Concentration | Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration. |
| Host | Mouse |
| Specificity | Recognizes Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4), Mr 45-65 kDa. Higher MW band (68-72 kDa) represents phosphorylated Tau. |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Species Reactivity |
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| Species Reactivity Note | Human and rat. Cross-reactivity with mouse and bovine expected due to sequence homology. |
| Antibody Type | Monoclonal Antibody |
| Entrez Gene Number |
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| Entrez Gene Summary | This gene encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) whose transcript undergoes complex, regulated alternative splicing, giving rise to several mRNA species. MAPT transcripts are differentially expressed in the nervous system, depending on stage of neuronal maturation and neuron type. MAPT gene mutations have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers disease, Picks disease, frontotemporal dementia, cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. |
| Gene Symbol |
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| Purification Method | Unpurified |
| UniProt Number |
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| UniProt Summary | FUNCTION: SwissProt: P10636 # Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N- terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. SIZE: 758 amino acids; 78878 Da SUBUNIT: Interacts with PSMC2 through SQSTM1 (By similarity). Interacts with SQSTM1 when polyubiquitinated. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane. Note=Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system.DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Four-repeat (type II) tau is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) tau is found in both adult and fetal brain. DOMAIN: SwissProt: P10636 The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. Type I isoforms contain 3 repeats while type II isoforms contain 4 repeats. PTM: Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T- P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK: CDC2, CDK5, GSK-3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in PHF-tau), and at serine residues in K- X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) in Alzheimer diseased brains. Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within taus repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce taus interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components. Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser- 622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. & Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. Lys-48-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, Lys-6-linked and Lys-11-linked polyubiquitination also occur. & Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain tau. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD. DISEASE: SwissProt: P10636 # In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of TAU (PHF-TAU or AD P-TAU). & Defects in MAPT are a cause of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP17) [MIM:600274, 172700]; also called frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or historically termed Pick complex. This form of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by presenile dementia with behavioral changes, deterioration of cognitive capacities and loss of memory. In some cases, parkinsonian symptoms are prominent. Neuropathological changes include frontotemporal atrophy often associated with atrophy of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, amygdala. In most cases, protein tau deposits are found in glial cells and/or neurons. & Defects in MAPT are a cause of pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) [MIM:168610]. The clinical features include ocular motility abnormalities, dystonia and urinary incontinence, besides progressive parkinsonism and dementia. & Defects in MAPT are a cause of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It is marked by extrapyramidal signs and apraxia and can be associated with memory loss. Neuropathologic features may overlap Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson disease. & Defects in MAPT are a cause of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) [MIM:601104, 260540]; also known as Steele-Richardson- Olszewski syndrome. PSP is characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pseudobulbar signs and cognitive capacities deterioration. Neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis but no amyloid plaques are found in diseased brains. Most cases appear to be sporadic, with a significant association with a common haplotype including the MAPT gene and the flanking regions. Familial cases show an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission with incomplete penetrance; genetic analysis of a few cases showed the occurrence of tau mutations, including a deletion of Asn-613. & Defects in MAPT may be a cause of hereditary dysphasic disinhibition dementia (HDDD) [MIM:607485]. HDDD is a frontotemporal dementia characterized by progressive cognitive deficits with memory loss and personality changes, severe dysphasic disturbances leading to mutism, and hyperphagia. SIMILARITY: Contains 4 Tau/MAP repeats. |
| Molecular Weight | ~68-72 kDa |
| Product Usage Statements | |
|---|---|
| Quality Assurance | Routinely evaluated by western blot on rat brain cytosol fraction. Western Blot Analysis: A 1:1,000-1:10,000 dilution of this lot detected Tau (4-repeat isoform RD4) in a rat brain cytosolic fraction. |
| Usage Statement |
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| Storage and Shipping Information | |
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| Storage Conditions | Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon first thaw, and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance. Note: Variabillity in freezer temperatures below -20°C may cause glycerol containing solutions to become frozen during storage. |
| Packaging Information | |
|---|---|
| Material Size | 200 µL |