| Description | |
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| Catalogue Number | S7807 |
| Brand Family | Chemicon® |
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| Description | CpG WIZ® Fragile X Amplification Kit |
| Overview | Methylation of cytosines located 5 to guanosine is known to have a profound effect on the expression of several eukaryotic genes (Bird, 1992). In normal cells, methylation occurs predominantly in CG-poor regions, while CG-rich areas, called CpG islands, remain unmethylated. Aberrant methylation of normally unmethylated CpG islands has been documented as a relatively frequent event in immortalized and transformed cells (Antequera, 1990) and has been associated with transcriptional inactivation of defined tumor suppressor genes in human cancers (Herman, 1994; Merlo, 1995). The Fragile X gene exhibits characteristic hypermethylation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) is a new technology for sensitive detection of abnormal gene methylation utilizing small amounts of DNA (Herman, 1996 ). This process employs an initial bisulfite reaction to modify the DNA, followed by PCR amplification with specific primers designed to distinguish methylated from unmethylated DNA. |
| Materials Required but Not Delivered | Equipment and Supplies a. Microcentrifuge tubes for PCR amplification b. Aerosol-resistant pipette tips c. Thermocycler d. Gel electrophoresis apparatus (vertical or horizontal) e. Power Supply f. 302 nm UV transilluminator, camera and film Reagents a 2.5 mm dNTP mix (2.5 mm of each nucleotide) b. "Hot start" Taq polymerase c. "Hot start" PCR reagents (see Sec. II. Protocols). d. Reagents for gel electrophoresis (1X TBE and 2% agarose, 10% acrylamide, or suitable high resolution agarose) e. DNA markers (size range 100-300 bp) f. Ethidium bromide (10 mg/mL) g. Loading dye H. Bisulfite Modified DNA (CpGenome™ DNA Modification Kit, S7820) |
| Product Information | |
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| Components |
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| Quality Level | MQ100 |
| Applications | |
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| Application | The components of the CpG WIZ Fragile X Amplification Kit include those required for PCR amplification after bisulfite modification of DNA samples. Sufficient reagents are provided to analyze 25 samples. |
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| Application Notes | Principles of the Technique Use of either the CpGenome™ DNA Modification Kit (Cat. No. S7820) or the CpGENOME™ Fast DNA Modification Kit (Cat. No. S7824) facilitates the initial bisulfite reactions, while the CpG WIZ® Fragile X Amplification Kit contains the reagents required for the gene-specific PCR amplification reactions. |
| Biological Information | |
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| Species Reactivity |
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| Entrez Gene Number |
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| Entrez Gene Summary | The protein encoded by this gene binds RNA and is associated with polysomes. The encoded protein may be involved in mRNA trafficking from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A trinucleotide repeat (CGG) in the 5 UTR is normally found at 6-53 copies, but an expansion to 55-230 repeats is the cause of fragile X syndrome. |
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| UniProt Summary | FUNCTION: SwissProt: Q06787 # RNA-binding protein. Associated with polysomes and might be involved in the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Binds strongly to poly(g), binds moderately to poly(U) but shows very little binding to poly(A) or poly(C). SIZE: 632 amino acids; 71174 Da SUBUNIT: Found in a RNP granule complex with IGF2BP1. Interacts with FXR1, FXR2, IGF2BP1, NUFIP1 and RANBP9. Interacts with CYFIP1 and CYFIP2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highest levels found in neurons, brain, testis, placenta and lymphocytes. Also expressed in epithelial tissues and at very low levels in glial cells. DISEASE: SwissProt: Q06787 # Defects in FMR1 are the cause of fragile X syndrome. [MIM:300624]. It is a common genetic disease (has a prevalence of one in every 2000 children) which is characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, macroorchidism (enlargement of the testicles), large ears, prominent jaw, and high-pitched, jocular speech. The defect in most fragile X syndrome patients results from an amplification of a CGG repeat region which is directly in front of the coding region. & Defects in FMR1 are the cause of fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) [MIM:300623]. In FXTAS, the expanded repeats range in size from 55 to 200 repeats and are referred to as premutations. Full repeat expansions with greater than 200 repeats results in fragile X mental retardation syndrome [MIM:300624]. Carriers of the premutation typically do not show the full fragile X syndrome phenotype, but comprise a subgroup that may have some physical features of fragile X syndrome or mild cognitive and emotional problems. SIMILARITY: SwissProt: Q06787 ## Belongs to the FMR1 family. & Contains 2 KH domains. MISCELLANEOUS: RNA-binding activity is inhibited by RANBP9. & The mechanism of the severe phenotype in the Asn- 304 patient lies in the sequestration of bound mRNAs in nontranslatable mRNP particles. In the absence of FMRP, these same mRNAs may be partially translated via alternate mRNPs, although perhaps abnormally localized or regulated, resulting in typical fragile X syndrome. Asn-304 mutation maps to a position within the second KH domain of FMRP that is critical for stabilizing sequence-specific RNA-protein interactions. Asn-304 mutation abrogates the association of the FMRP KH 2 domain with its target, kissing complex RNA. |
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| Material Size | 25 assays |